Classified as part of Political theories of CSR, Corporate Citizenship is an important approach to manage firm's CSR activities.  To be globally competitive and acceptable companies have to ensure that they establish a reputation base that would support their efforts. Corporate reputation is the external manifestation of corporate excellence and is built upon a company’s product or service reputation, its business reputation and credibility in financial markets and its social reputation. Companies need to reconfirm and reiterate to themselves that they operate with in a society with its sanction and authority and ultimately for the common good of its largest part, not just for itself or its shareholders, employees and managers alone. Without this understanding there will be no social cohesion between and among government, business and society. Companies depend for its survival and long term prosperity on society providing the resources like people, raw-materials, service...

  The history of CSR in India runs parallel to the historical development of India. India has t he world’s richesttradition of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The term CSR may be relatively new to India, but the concept dates back to Mauryan history, where philosophers like Kautilya emphasized on ethical practices and principles while conducting business. CSR has been informally practiced in ancient times in form of charity to the poor and disadvantaged. Indian scriptures have at several places mentioned the importance of sharing one’s earning with the deprived section of society. We have a deep rooted culture of sharing and caring.   In the Indian context, the origin of CSR can be traced fromthe Vedic literatures such as the Valmiki Ramayana, the Mahabharata (includes the Bhagavad-Gita) and the Puranas. These literatures were written more than 5,000 years ago in Sanskrit language. The Kautilya's Arthasastra provides an inside-out approach to CSR, which is develop...

Ethical theories that are focusing on the right thing to achieve good for society . The theory of social responsibility is built on a system of ethics, in which decisions and actions must be ethically validated before proceeding. If the action or decision causes harm to society or the environment, then it would be considered to be socially irresponsible. Moral values that are inherent in society create a distinction between right and wrong. In this way, social fairness is believed (by most) to be in the “right”, but more frequently than not this “fairness” is absent. Every individual has a responsibility to act in manner that is beneficial to society and not solely to the individual. Ethics are codes of values and principles that govern the action of a person, or a group of people regarding what is right versus what is wrong (Levine, 2011; Sexty, 2011). Therefore, ethics set standards as to what is good or bad in organizational conduct and decision making (Sexty, 2011). It deals wi...

  The integrative theories are focusing on the integration of social demands . The integrative theories’ approaches are (a) public responsibility that describes as law and public policy that takes as a reference for social performance, (b) stakeholder management that balances the interest of all stakeholders of the company, and (c) corporate social performance.   It argues that business depends on society for its continuity and growth and even its continuance of business itself. It is focused on the detection & scanning of and response to, the social demands that achieve social legitimacy, greater social acceptance and prestige. This group theories have four approaches: Issues Management, Public Responsibility, Stakeholder Management and Corporate social Performance. 3.1 Issues Management The process by which the corporation can identify, evaluate and respond to those social & political issues which may impact significantly upon it Social responsiveness i...